This review summarizes recent progress and emerging trends in multiparameter optical fiber sensing, emphasizing techniques that enable the simultaneous measurement of temperature, strain, acoustic waves, pressure, and other environmental quantities within a single sensing network. Such capabilities. A fiber optic sensor measures a physical quantity by modulating the intensity, spectrum, phase, or polarization of light traveling through the optical fiber system. It's a device that converts light rays into electronic signals. Think of it like a photoresistor, which changes its resistance based. Radiation absorption excites an orbital electron to a higher energy level.